Tag Archive for: grondwaterpeil

Calculation rules

Calculation rules



The reduction in national CO2 emissions in peatland areas must be monitored annually, in order to determine whether the Climate Agreement reduction target of 1 Mton from peatlands will actually be achieved in the long term. SOMERS (Subsurface Organic Matter Emission Registration System) has been developed for this purpose. With SOMERS, calculation rules have been determined that can act as an indicative support in determining the effects that proposed measures have on greenhouse gas emissions in peatland areas. They are estimates for ‘characteristic’ situations in three different regions of the Netherlands. The main objective of the models used to draw up these calculation rules is to monitor the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore look at the peatland areas with controlled water levels throughout the whole of the Netherlands.

The calculation rules for the ‘characteristic’ situations in three different regions of the Netherlands and an explanation of the use of the calculation rules can be found here.

Eerste bevindingen NOBV

Achtergrond NOBV


In het Klimaatakkoord is afgesproken dat de emissie uit veenweiden moet worden verminderd met 1,0 Mton CO2 per jaar in 2030. Om meer inzicht te krijgen in de huidige emissies en de effecten van maatregelen op de broeikasgasemissies is het Nationaal Onderzoeksprogramma Broeikasgassen Veenweiden (NOBV) gestart in december 2019. Het NOBV meet op verschillende locaties verspreid door het Nederlandse veenweidebied aan verschillende maatregelen: waterinfiltratiesystemen, natte teelten en bodemaanpassing.


Eerste bevindingen


De onderzoeksresultaten van het NOBV worden in 2024 opgeleverd. In het najaar van 2021 zijn de eerste twee meetjaren afgerond en zijn de eerste bevindingen opgetekend in een data-analyserapport. Een belangrijke constatering na deze eerste twee meetjaren is dat de werking en effectiviteit van maatregelen complex is. Effecten van maatregelen zijn afhankelijk van specifieke condities. Resultaten kunnen dus per gebied en van jaar tot jaar verschillen. Dat betekent dat huidige bevindingen voorlopig zijn; er zijn meer meetjaren nodig om conclusies te kunnen trekken. De eerste bevindingen zijn onder te verdelen in vijf hoofdpunten:

  • De effectiviteit van maatregelen is afhankelijk van omstandigheden zoals het weer, de bodemopbouw, doorlatendheid, kwel en wegzijging, en de wijze van aanleg van de maatregel. Inzicht in de rol en wisselwerking van deze condities is noodzakelijk om de emissies en de effectiviteit van maatregelen beter te kunnen voorspellen.
  • Het verhogen van het slootwaterpeil heeft een reducerend effect op de CO2-uitstoot. Daarbij zien we dat bij een slootwaterpeil tussen de grofweg -20 cm en de -50/60 cm beneden maaiveld onderwaterdrainage verdere reductie oplevert.
  • Bij natte teelten en bij een hoge grondwaterstand rondom maaiveld (dit geldt ook voor natuur) kan methaanemissie een grote rol spelen. Meer inzicht in de processen achter deze emissie moet duidelijk maken wat de methaanemissie veroorzaakt en welke mogelijkheden er zijn om de emissies van deze teelt te beperken.
  • Metingen en modeluitkomsten kennen nog onzekerheden. Langjarig meten en verdere analyse van mechanismen in de bodem is daarom noodzakelijk.
  • Het framework voor het monitoren van de voortgang van CO2-reducerende maatregelen in het veenweidegebied ligt er. De komende jaren zullen met meer data de onzekerheden in de uitkomsten verder worden verkleind.

Vervolg onderzoek


In de komende jaren worden de metingen op de bestaande locaties voortgezet en wordt het aantal meetlocaties verder uitgebreid. Zo komen er meetlocaties bij waar aan de nieuwe maatregel klei in veen gemeten gaat worden. Ook worden er verkennende metingen aan verschillende natte teelten, zoals veenmos, cranberry en miscanthus, opgezet. Daarmee wordt het inzicht in de effecten van deze maatregelen vergroot. Door meer data te vergaren worden de onzekerheden steeds verder verkleind.

Rapportages


De rapportages vindt u hier:
> Operationele jaarrapportage 2020-2021
> Data-analyse 2020-2021
> Meetprotocol

Haalbaarheidsstudies

Het NOBV doet onderzoek naar de uitstoot van broeikasgassen uit veen en de effectiviteit van maatregelen daartegen. Daarbij is de maatschappelijke en technische haalbaarheid van maatregelen ook van belang. Daarom zijn er in 2020 een aantal studies geïnitieerd waarin is gekeken naar verschillende aspecten van haalbaarheid. Welke thema’s zijn onderzocht?

  • Waterkwantiteit en waterbeheer (over het effect op de waterverdeling en waterbeschikbaarheid)
  • Biodiversiteit, bodem- en waterkwaliteit (over het effect op de biodiversiteit en kwaliteit van water en bodem)
  • Bedrijfsvoering (over het effect op bedrijfsvoering en de overgang naar een andere bedrijfsvoering)
  • Betaalbaarheid (over de kosten en baten van maatregelen op bedrijfsniveau en op maatschappelijk niveau)
  • Kennisdeling (over de kennisbehoefte van en kennisdeling tussen stakeholders)
  • Governance (over de rolverdeling tussen stakeholders en inzetbaarheid van juridische instrumenten). Hierbij is ook gekeken naar de mogelijkheden om peilbeheer in te zetten om bodemdaling tegen te gaan.

In deze zes deelstudies is geïnventariseerd welke factoren van invloed zijn op de haalbaarheid van maatregelen en of hierover voldoende kennis beschikbaar is. Daarbij is ook onderzocht wat er nodig is om maatregelen haalbaar te maken.

Meer weten over de haalbaarheidsstudies of de webinars over deze studies bekijken? Kijk dan hier.

Voortgangsrapportage 2020

De voortgang van het NOBV wordt jaarlijks vastgelegd in een voortgangsrapportage. Voor het eerste meetjaar (1 september 2019 tot 1 juli 2020) is de rapportage is een weergave van de inhoudelijke stand van zaken van het onderzoeksprogramma. In dit eerste onderzoeksjaar waren de activiteiten gericht op het inhoudelijk en organisatorisch inrichten van het onderzoeksprogramma. De rapportage geeft de inhoudelijke voortgang weer. Er worden nog geen resultaten beschreven; daarvoor zijn immers meerdere meetjaren nodig.

Inmiddels zijn er acht werkende meetlocaties, die representatief zijn voor de verschillende veentypen die Nederland kent. In het eerste onderzoeksjaar is allereerst op de eerste vijf locaties bepaald welke maatregelen voldoende meetbaar zijn. Concreet betekent dat de maatregelen een bepaalde schaal hebben en al uitgevoerd zijn. Daarbij is vooral gekeken naar lopende pilots. Dit heeft geresulteerd in het meten aan de volgende typen maatregelen waarin ook de variatie in de ondergrond is meegenomen:

  • waterinfiltratiesystemen (onderwaterdrainage, drukdrainage, verhoogd slootpeil);
  • natte teelt.

In het eerste meetjaar is ook gewerkt aan het opstellen van een meetprotocol voor het meten van broeikasgasuitstoot en bodemdaling in het veenweidegebied. Dit meetprotocol wordt de komende jaren steeds geactualiseerd en aangevuld.

Webinars and Knowledge exchange venture

Webinars and Knowledge exchange venture



NOBV regularly organizes webinars. The recordings
can be found on this page. This also includes
recordings of the Knowledge Exchange Venture
that NOBV organized from the end of 2020 to
mid-2022 in collaboration with the National
Knowledge Program for Land Subsidence (NKB)
and webinars in collaboration with the Netherlands
Peatland Innovation Program (VIPNL).

Webinar SOMERS 2.0, calculation rules and dashboard, January 29, 2024 

New possibilities of SOMERS 2.0, application and use of calculation rules and dashboard 

>> Watch the webinar here

  • Presenter Pui Mee Chan (NOBV/STOWA program manager) talked to Marieke de Groot (Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality) about the why of SOMERS, the calculation rules and the dashboard and about the subsidy scheme Cooperation in peat meadows and transition areas N2000;
  • Roel Melman and Siem Jansen, both consultants in soil and groundwater systems at Deltares, provided a substantive explanation of SOMERS 2.0 and the calculation rules;
  • Ingrid Jensen and Lisette Avis, both geohydrologists at Royal HaskoningDHV, explained the dashboard.

VIPNL/NOBV Webinar Wet crops, December 4, 2023

Types of cultivation, cultivation challenges, earning potential

>> Watch the webinar here

  • Presenter Roel van Gerwen (Natural Affairs/VIPNL) talked to Arnoud de Vries (Natural Affairs/VIPNL) and Pui Mee Chan (NOBV/STOWA) about the state of research into wet crops;
  • Jeroen Pijlman (Louis Bolk Institute) discussed different types of wet cultivation;
  • Abco de Buck (Louis Bolk Institute) gave a presentation about cultivation challenges and first results;
  • Peter van der Maas (Van Hall Larenstein University) discussed the market for wet crops and revenue models.

Webinar Three years of NOBV: where are we?, July 3, 2023 

Measure-effect relationships, methane emissions, modeling 

>> Watch the webinar here

  • NOBV program manager Pui Mee Chan (STOWA) gave a brief introduction to the research program.
  • Postdoc researcher Ralf Aben (Radboud University Nijmegen), researcher Merit van den Berg (Vrije Universiteit), postdoc researcher Alexander Buzacott (Vrije Universiteit) and leader of the NOBV research consortium Gilles Erkens (Deltares/Utrecht University) discussed, among other things, the state of affairs after three years of measuring, groundwater level and measure-effect relationships, methane emissions and modelling.
  • Douwe Jonkers (Veen program manager/Ministry of LNV) and Chris van Naarden (chairman of the knowledge sub-working group/Ministry of LNV) joined us for a discussion about the task in rural areas and for a look at the continuation of the program.

VIPNL/NOBV Webinar Veenmos, June 5, 2023

Peat development, peat moss cultivation, substrates

>> Watch the webinar here

  • Ecologist Ron van ‘t Veer discussed the origins of raised bogs in Western Netherlands and peat development today.
  • Gijs van Dijk (researcher at B-Ware) explained the experiment with peat moss in the Ilperveld.
  • Marco Zevenhoven, deputy director at the European knowledge center for substrates RHP, gave a presentation about the future of the potting soil and substrate industry.
  • Presenter Roel van Gerwen discussed the broader future perspective of peat moss with Arjan van Rijn (director of the Amstel, Gooi and Vecht Water Board and dairy farmer), Peter de Ruyter (Landscape Architect), Maarten Breedveld (program and project leader of Nature Restoration of Peat Meadows at the South Holland Landscape).

Webinar Measuring ground movement with LiDAR and InSAR, April 3, 2023 

Ground movement, measuring techniques, satellite measurements

> Watch the webinar here

  • Researcher and advisor Sanneke van Asselen (Deltares) discussed soil movement and different methods to measure soil movement. How much do peat soils actually move in a year? Why is it important to measure this and what measurement methods are available?
  • Ramon Hanssen, professor of Geodesy (surveying) and Satellite Earth Observation at TU Delft, showed the latest developments and insights into the use of InSAR for measuring ground movement.
  • Roeland de Zeeuw, Managing Director at Shore Monitoring & Research, gave a presentation about the use of LiDAR. What do we now know about measuring ground movement with LiDAR?

VIPNL/NOBV Webinar 30 January 2023: Clay in peat

Mechanisms in the soil, field trials, lab trials, availability of clay

>> Watch the webinar here

  • Mariet Hefting (Utrecht University/NOBV/VIPNL) gave a presentation on mechanisms in the soil. Why does peat break down and what effect does adding clay have on the process of peat degradation and on greenhouse gas emissions?
  • Maaike van Agtmaal (Louis Bolk Institute/VIPNL) discussed practical tests with clay in peat. Which pilots are running? How many types of clay are there actually and is each type of clay usable?
  • Moderator Frank Lenssinck (VIC/VIPNL) talked to Bernd van den Berg, Policy Advisor on subsidence in peat meadows at the Schieland and Krimpenerwaard Water Board, and Joyce Zuijdam (Rijkswaterstaat) about the possibilities and conditions for application in practice.

VIPNL/NOBV Webinar 21 November 2022: Farming at a high groundwater level

Mechanisms in the soil, practical tests, greenhouse gas measurements

>> Watch the webinar here 

  • Joost Keuskamp (Utrecht University/NOBV) gave a presentation on soil mechanisms. Why does peat break down and why is it important to understand these mechanisms?
  • Idse Hoving (WUR) discussed practical tests with a high groundwater level. Ype van der Velde (VU University/NOBV) then discussed the greenhouse gas emissions from these field trials.
  • Presenter Roel van Gerwen (VIPNL) talked to Wim Honkoop (PPP Agro-advies) and dairy farmer Frank de Wit about their experiences in the field with a high groundwater level.
  • Finally, Roel van Gerwen and Bert de Groot, Hoogheemraadschap de Stichtse Rijnlanden and a farmer, discussed the state of affairs.

Knowledge exchange venture 30 May 2022: measurements with eddy covariance, nitrous oxide measurements, spatial variation, scaling up and aircraft measurements

The knowledge exchange venture of 30 May took place in collaboration with the National Soil Subsidence Knowledge Program (NKB), Wageningen University (WU) and TNO.

>> Click here to watch this Knowledge Exchange Venture

  • Bart Kruijt, researcher at WU in the field of climate change, carbon cycle, land-atmosphere interactions and the Amazon, discussed measuring the variation in CO2 and methane emissions with fixed and mobile eddy covariance;
  • Researcher Arnoud Frumau of TNO explained nitrous oxide measurements using eddy covariance and advanced equipment;
  • Ronald Hutjes, associate professor of land use-climate interactions at WU, zoomed in on integrating measurements between the plot and landscape scale with the aircraft measurements that WU performs within the NOBV.

Knowledge exchange venture 28 maart: mobile measurements, biochemical processes, nitrogen and the carbon cycle and innovations in measuring equipment

>> Watch this Knowledge exchange venture here

  • Junior researcher Tom Heuts and Reinder Nouta, project leader and researcher at Wetterskip Fryslan, explained the mobile measurements that the RUN performs within the NOBV.
  • Researcher Christian Fritz and Fons Smolder, professor by special appointment of biogeochemistry, discussed biochemical processes, nitrogen and the carbon cycle.
  • Post-doc researcher Ralf Aben, together with PhD student Judith van der Knaap, zoomed in on locations where Radboud University conducts research and on innovations in the field of measuring equipment.

Webinar December 9, 2021. Two years of NOBV: where are we?

Climate tasking, greenhouse gas measurements, soil processes, modelling, monitoring

>> Watch the webinar here 

  • Moderator Inge Diepman talked to NOBV program manager Pui Mee Chan (STOWA/NOBV) and Gilles Erkens (Deltares/UU), leader of the NOBV research consortium, about the background of the research and the initial findings.
  • Ralf Aben (Radboud University Nijmegen) discussed measuring greenhouse gases.
  • Mariet Hefting (Utrecht University) explained the soil processes that cause greenhouse gases.
  • Jim Boonman (VU University) explained how findings can be modeled to better predict effects.
  • Gilles Erkens (Deltares/Utrecht University) discussed the monitoring of measures in the peat meadow area to combat greenhouse gases and the need for long-term measurements.
  • Finally, Douwe Jonkers (Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality) joined to discuss the tasking in rural areas and the translation of data into policy.

VIPNL/NOBV webinar 5 October 2021: Cattail cultivation in the Dutch peat meadow area: where are we?

Pilots, sales opportunities, life cycle assessment, harvesting methods and carrying capacity, harvest time, nutrients and water, greenhouse gas measurements

>> Watch the webinar here 

  • Moderator Pui Mee Chan (STOWA/program leader NOBV) talked to Ed Buijs (municipality of Amsterdam) about the pilot in the Burkmeer, among others.
  • Jeroen Pijlman (Louis Bolk Institute) gave an overview of pilots in the Netherlands.
  • Gerben Nij Bijvank (The Spring Company) discussed the market and sales opportunities for cattail.
  • Marle de Jong explained the life cycle assessment (LCA) of cattail as insulation board material.
  • Youri Egas (KTC Zegveld) and Monique Bestman (Louis Bolk Institute) visualized the construction of a plot of cattail, harvesting methods and carrying capacity of cattail.
  • Jeroen Pijlman and Monique Bestman zoomed in on aspects such as harvest time, nutrients and water.
  • Researcher Merit van den Berg (VU University) discussed greenhouse gas emissions from cattail cultivation.

Knowledge Exchange Venture 27 September 2021: subsidence research, modeling with SWAP-ANIMO, peat columns and nitrous oxide measurements

The Knowledge Exchange Venture on 27 September took place in collaboration with the National Soil Subsidence Knowledge Programme (NKB) and Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR). >> Click here to watch the Knowledge Exchange Venture. 

  • Soil, Water and Land Use researcher Rudi Hessel gave a brief explanation of the NOBV measurement sites in Zegveld and Lange Weide;
  • Hydrology researcher Harry Massop zoomed in on the ongoing subsidence research performed by WENR in Zegveld as part of the NOBV, and on the connection between subsidence processes and greenhouse gas emissions;
  • Soil physics and mechanics researcher Jan van den Akker examined modelling with SWAP-ANIMO, and PhD candidate Erne Blondeau discussed the peat column experiments that are being carried out for modelling purposes;
  • Finally, PhD candidate Jordy van ‘t Hull gave an explanation of the nitrous oxide measurements that WENR carries out within the NOBV.

Knowledge Exchange Venture 7 June 2021: Microbial processes in the soil that lead to peat degradation

In the Knowledge Exchange Venture on 7 June 2021 in collaboration with Utrecht University and B-Ware, we discussed microbial processes in the soil that result in peat decomposition. What processes take place in the soil, and what are the variables that play a role in these? Researchers Mariet Hefting (Utrecht University), Gijs van Dijk (B-Ware) and Laura Knops (Utrecht University) took the participants through these soil processes and explained the effect they have on emissions. The participants were given a peek into Utrecht University’s lab via a vlog by Laura Knops. Naturally there was time for discussion and questions as well.

>> Click here to watch this Knowledge Exchange Venture. 

Knowledge Exchange Venture 15 March 2021: soil subsidence in relation to greenhouse gas emissions in peat meadow areas

In the Knowledge Exchange Venture of 15 March 2021, we collaborated with Deltares and TU Delft to discuss subsidence in relation to greenhouse gas emissions in peatland.

>> Click here to watch the Knowledge Exchange Venture. 

  • Gilles Erkens, researcher at Deltares and leader of the NOBV research consortium, zoomed in on the connection between soil subsidence processes and greenhouse gas emissions in peatland;
  • Researcher Sanneke van Asselen (Deltares) examined the measurement of soil movement, various measurement methods, and the initial measurement results and findings;
  • We went into the field for a look at a soil sampling at one of the research sites, and also to the lab where the sampling, peat description and compression tests are carried out. Click here to watch the video.
  • Finally, Ramon Hanssen, Professor of Geodesy (surveying) and Satellite Earth Observation at TU Delft, gave an explanation of the use of InSAR in peatland.

Knowledge Exchange Venture 14 December 2020: hydrology, Peatland-VU model and the effects of water management and the (climatic and hydrological) environment on conditions for microbes 

On 14 December 2020, we organised an online Knowledge Exchange Venture in collaboration with VU Amsterdam.

>> Click here to watch this Knowledge Exchange Venture.

Issues covered in this edition:

  • Researcher Ype van der Velde (VU Amsterdam) gave an overview of the research currently undertaken by VU Amsterdam on the effects that measures have on greenhouse gas emissions;
  • Ko van Huissteden (VU Amsterdam) discussed the Peatland-VU model and the complexity of modelling CO2 and methane fluxes from the soil;
  • PhD candidate Jim Boonman (VU Amsterdam) zoomed in on his research into the effects of water management and the (climatological and hydrological) environment on conditions for microbes, in order to evaluate the vulnerability of peat soils. For his presentation, Jim Boonman also made a vlog from the field. You can view it here.

Knowledge Exchange Venture 29 June 2020
The first session of the Peatlands Greenhouse Gas Knowledge Exchange Venture was held on 29 June 2020, organised by STOWA, NOBV and the NKB. You can view the session here. Click here to see the vlogs.

What issues were covered in this edition?

  • Pui Mee Chan, Knowledge Exchange Venture leader and NOBV programme leader, explained the NOBV’s background and objectives from the studio;
  • Gilles Erkens, researcher at Deltares and leader of the NOBV research consortium, told us more about the measurement sites and methods as well as the measures taken to impact greenhouse gas emissions;
  • NKB knowledge brokers Erik Jansen (Water infiltration systems) and Roelof Westerhof (Wet crops) were there to answer questions on these topics;
  • Chris van Naarden (Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality) explained the role of the Regiegroep Veenweiden (Peatlands Region Group);
  •  Mini-vlogs gave viewers a look at things in the field at various research sites.